Evidence Based Guidelines and Recommendations

Clinicians and healthcare facilities rely upon the publication and availability of evidence-based clinical guidelines and recommendations to guide modern-day medical treatment. These guidelines must be specific to the clinical practice setting, such as hospitals, long-term care facilities, or ambulatory surgery centers, and contain practical approaches to reducing the incidence of Healthcare-Associated Infections. The following resources will aid healthcare professionals with accessing the most current evidence-based clinical guidance and also outline the development pathway for guidelines, guidance statements, and other clinical recommendations.

The following section contains CDC produced guidance on important topics of concern related to the clinical workforce and also how to address specific situations such as patient deaths during pandemics, return to work criteria, and the use of laboratory methodologies for surveillance screening and laboratory confirmation of potentially infectious pathogens.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Pandemic Preparedness and Planning Guidance
This section contains CDC guidance on how healthcare facilities can enhance planning and preparedness including supply chain optimization.
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Pandemic Preparedness and Planning Scenarios
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Pandemic Preparedness Hospital Checklist
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Pandemic Preparedness Planning Guidance Checklist
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Return to Work Criteria
Return to work criteria is an important policy for healthcare facilities but has proven to be a moving target for certain pandemic pathogens such as COVID-19.
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Postmortem Guidance
Even after a patient is deceased, there are special infection control measures that must be adhered to ensure the safety of healthcare and transport personnel.
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Optimizing PPE Supply
The CDC has categorized PPE supply chain needs into three categories based on current supply chain scenarios. These levels include conventional, contingency, and crisis modes of operation.
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Optimizing Supply Chain
Supply Chain challenges during a pandemic can wreak havoc for healthcare facilities and personnel. Ensuring an optimized supply chain is critical to ensuring clinical care continuity.
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Infection Control Strategies
Basic Infection Control Strategies will decrease mortality and morbidity when applied consistently and correctly. Core practices include hand hygiene, disinfection, and appropriate use of PPE.
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Critical Infrastructure Planning
Public health emergencies can cause crippling impacts on critical infrastructure. Proper planning will tremendously aid local officials with ensuring preparedness.
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Clinical Care Strategies
During pandemics and large-scale outbreaks, certain clinical strategies such as the use of PPE may change based on product availability and current clinical guidance.
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Vaccination and other Countermeasures Strategies
Vaccines continue to serve an important role in stopping pandemics and reducing vaccine-preventable diseases. These countermeasures are critical tools in the public health response arsenal.
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Clinical Diagnosis and Laboratory Capabilities (HCP)
The CDC’s national laboratories serve as the backbone for critical public health needs and to support state specimen testing needs. In addition, the CDC maintains reference stocks for virulent pathogens to assist with treatment and vaccine options.
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Clinical Diagnosis and Laboratory Capabilities (PHP)
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Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee
The CDC HICPAC Committee is responsible for providing clinical guidance to the CDC on important clinical guidelines and recommendations that impact healthcare facilities and providers.
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Regulatory and Accreditation

Healthcare Facilities such as hospitals or ambulatory surgery centers may seek voluntary independent accreditation by outside agencies such as The Joint Commission or DNV. These agencies have deemed authority on behalf of the Center for Medicare and Medicaid services to inspect healthcare facilities and ensure that they are compliant with all established guidelines and regulations. Several accreditation bodies are available in the United States with The Joint Commission and DNV primarily serving inpatient hospitals and AAAHC responsible for accrediting ambulatory surgery centers. These independent accreditations provide an extra level of patient safety and are critically important during surge situations such as pandemics.

The Joint Commission
The Joint Commission accredits thousands of healthcare facilities globally and is a deemed authority by CMS. The Joint Commission is the largest accreditation body in the US.
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AAAHC
AAAHC is the US’s premier clinical accreditation body for ambulatory surgery centers and serves as a deemed authority by CMS.
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DNV
DNV is an accreditation body that primarily focuses on healthcare facilities and also includes a central core theme of quality and safety in its program management approach.
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CMS
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services is the US’s largest single payor in healthcare and is the primary regulatory body for all healthcare facilities within the country.
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